
Human-elephant conflict is a major issue for commercial farmers in the Kunene region of Namibia, but is mostly overlooked by researchers and NGOs relative to communal areas. Understanding both the tolerance of farmers towards elephants and the level of social conflict is necessary to inform appropriate management approaches. By quantitizing interview data through the perspectives of the Wildlife Tolerance Model and the Levels of Conflict Framework, I demonstrate statistically how farmers draw connections between different components of the conflict, including empathy towards elephants, blame in institutions, and conflicting values over elephant management.